Description: This 1866 map shows Cincinnati, Ohio, as well as Newport and Covington, Kentucky, directly across the Ohio River. It was drawn by Gilbert & Hickenlooper (of No. 200 Vine Street in Cincinnati) for inclusion in the 1866 edition of the Williams' Cincinnati Directory. Covington and Newport are two Kentucky cities situated on the Ohio River and separated from one another by the Licking River. They are considered a part of the Cincinnati Metropolitan Area (or Greater Cincinnati) which includes counties in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. These two cities were first connected by bridge in 1853, and the John Roebling Suspension Bridge, connecting Covington with Cincinnati across the Ohio River, was completed in 1866. In 1788, Israel Ludlow, Matthias Denman, and Robert Patterson purchased eight hundred acres from John Cleves Symmes along the Ohio River at the Licking River's mouth. By early January 1789, Ludlow had platted the town, and the three men named the town Losantiville. The name was a convoluted contraction of the idea that this was a "city across from the mouth of the Licking River." In 1790, the governor of the Northwest Territory, Arthur St. Clair, proceeded to establish Hamilton County and made Losantiville the county seat. St. Clair disliked the name Losantiville and changed the town's name to Cincinnati in recognition of the Roman citizen soldier Cincinnatus. Cincinnati emerged as a major city, primarily due to its strategic location on the Ohio River, and by 1820 had reached a population of nearly ten thousand people. By the late 1880s, Cincinnati was the largest city in Ohio, with almost 300,000 people. It also had the densest population of any city in the United States, with an average of 37,143 people per square mile. By 1890, Cincinnati had provided Ohio with thirteen governors and had become an important industrial, political, literary, and educational center in both Ohio and the United States. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: MAPVFM0426_4
Subjects: Cincinnati (Ohio)--History; Ohio River; Maps--Midwest--Ohio; Bridges--Ohio River;
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio); Newport (Kentucky); Covington (Kentucky)
 

Description: Published by Edward Mendenhall in 1867, this is a map of Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington and Newport, Kentucky. The Ohio River demarcates the border between Ohio and Kentucky. A pencilled note on the Mt. Adams neighborhood reads "not thickly inhabited" while on the Ohio River is written "looks very well on paper + appears to be admirably adapted to suicidal purposes." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: MAPVFM0175_2
Subjects: Cincinnati (Ohio); Maps; Topography; Ohio River
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio); Covington (Kentucky); Newport (Kentucky)
 

Description: A Cincinnati-area church, located 825 Washington Ave, Newport. Currently home to Holy Spirit parish, formed from the merger of Corpus Christi, St. Francis de Sales, St. Vincent, and St. Stephen. Reverse reads: "St. Stephan church, Newport, Ky" View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B02F15_011_1
Subjects: Newport (Ky.)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Catholic Church--Kentucky
Places: Newport (Kentucky); Campbell County (Kentucky)
 

Description: A photo of Herbert Bigelow, born in Elkhart, Indiana, on January 4, 1870. He attended Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio, and Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, before graduating from the latter institution in 1894. He then enrolled at Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati, Ohio. He and his supporters founded the Direct Legislation League, which lobbied the state legislature for passage of the initiative and referendum. Ultimately these issues were addressed in Ohio's Constitutional Convention in 1912. Afterward he was elected to the state house of representatives for one term. He was opposed to America's entry into the First World War and was once kidnapped in Newport, Kentucky, shortly before he was to address a Socialist antiwar meeting there. In addition he served as a US Representative and on the Cincinnati City Council. Bigelow died in Cincinnati on November 11, 1951. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04090
Subjects: Ohio--Religion; Multicultural Ohio--Religion in Ohio; Lane Theological Seminary (Cincinnati, Ohio); Ohio--Politics and government
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio);
 

Description: This castle was built from 1851 to 1853 by Cincinnati architect Robert A. Love as the honeymoon home of Thomas Laurens Jones and Mark Keturah Taylor. It was sold in 1889 to the Diocese of Covington. A chapel was added in 1893 and the building served as a convent until 1910. Over the years, the house has also been used as a home for working girls, a retirement home for elderly women and in 1974, it was a home for Vietnamese refugees. The castle was torn down in the early 1990s to make room for a Kmart shopping center. Caption also reads "Holmes Castle" which was a mansion located in nearby Covington that has also been demolished. This image is of Mount St. Martin and not of the Holmes Castle. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F09_020_001
Subjects: Architecture--Ohio--Pictorial works.; Architecture, Domestic--Ohio--Pictorial works.; Religion in Ohio; Churches
Places: Newport (Kentucky); Covington (Kentucky)
 

Description: Dated January 21, 1893, this photograph shows a cantilever bridge over the Ohio River, connecting Cincinnati, Ohio, and Newport, Kentucky. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07979
Subjects: Bridges--Ohio River; Ohio Economy--Transportation and Development; Ohio Economy--Architecture and Engineering; Winter
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Cinci.,O., NEWPORT BRIDGE" This is a photo of the bridge from Cincinnati to Newport, Kentucky on the other side of the Ohio River. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F12_019_001
Subjects: Bridges--Ohio; Trolley cars--Pictorial works; Bridges--Pictorial works; Transportation--Ohio; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: Printed by Krebs Lithographing Company and published by M. & R. Burgheim ca. 1880, this is a map of Cincinnati, Ohio, its suburbs, and Covington and Newport, Kentucky. Regions that make up Hamilton County are colored, and the Ohio River demarcates the southern border of Cincinnati and the State of Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: MAPVFM0101_F_400
Subjects: Cincinnati (Ohio); Maps; Topography; Ohio River
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads: "Fort Washington monument, East Third Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. Photo by Federal Writers' Photographer, District #12. June 10, 1937." The Fort Washington Monument was originally erected on June 14, 1901 by the Patriotic Societies of Ohio to commemorate Fort Washington, a bulwark against the Indian menace during the 1790's. From Fort Washington, Generals Harmar and St. Clair planned expeditions against the Indians that ended in disaster; not until "Mad Anthony" Wayne defeated the Indians at Fallen Timbers was the Indian danger allayed. Ini 1803 the garrison moved to Newport, Kentucky on the south side of the Ohio River. In 1808 Fort Washington was torn down, as it was no longer needed, and the reservation divided into town lots. The monument 9' tall memorial, made from Ohio stone, was made to look like one of the old fort's blockhouses, and was placed at the center of East Third Street, near the intersection with Ludlow Street. The monument was surrounded with a chain railing, with four old cannons serving as fence posts. The west face of the monument displayed two bronze plaques, the lower of which was an outline map of the main portion of the fort, showing the streets which intersected it and the immediate area. The upper tablet bore an inscription, surrounded by 13 stars, which read: "This Tablet erected by the Patriotic Societies of Ohio, Marks the Location of Fort Washington, Built 1789, Demolished 1808, MDCCCC." Though much effort was taken in 1900 to determine the exact location of the old fort before the monument was placed, in 1952 construction workers found actual remains from the fort's powder magazine a short distance away, and archeologists determined that this was the true location of Fort Washington. In 1998, partially due to the expansion of Interstate 71, the monument was moved to this new found site on Arch Street, just south of East Fourth Street. A new plaque, placed on the monument for the re-dedication reads: "Forth Washington, 1789 - 1808. This monument stands at the site that served as a major military base for the Northwest Territory. The stone replica of a blockhouse was originally dedicated on June 14, 1901. Rededicated at present site November 11, 1998. Cincinnati Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F02_33_01
Subjects: Cincinnati (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Fort Washington (Ohio); Monuments--Ohio
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: The castle, was originally referred to as the Jones Mansion. It was built as a honeymoon house for Thomas Laurens Jones and his wife. Jones would later on become a congressman for the state of Kentucky. After the death of Jones, the house become the property of the Sisters of Devin Providence, who renamed it Mount Saint Martin. A chapel was added to the property in 1893, however the building was torn down in the 1990's to make room for a shopping plaza. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F06_011_001
Subjects: Architecture--Ohio--Pictorial works.; Architecture, Domestic--Ohio--Pictorial works.; Religion in Ohio; Churches
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio); Newport (Kentucky)
 

Description: Caption reads: "St. Thomas Church - Fort Thomas Ky." Saint Thomas' Church is a Roman Catholic denomination situated in Fort Thomas, Kentucky, in the Northeastern corner of Campbell County. The Fort Thomas area was the site of an Indian battle in 1749 of the Cherokee tribe against the Shawnees and the Miamis. During the Civil War, the Fort Thomas area was part of the Cincinnati Defense Perimeter, a 12 mile stretch of twenty five installations protecting the Cincinnati area from attack. In 1887, General Sherman selected an 111 acre site to replace the Newport Post, a low lying area which was prone to flooding. He claimed the new "Highlands" area to be the "West Point of the West," and named the fort after Civil War General George Henry Thomas, a top Union General during the war. Originally the Fort Thomas area was named the District of the Highlands, with the name officially changing to Fort Thomas in 1914 after a vote by property owners. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F06_023_001
Subjects: Catholic Church--Kentucky
Places: Fort Thomas (Kentucky); Campbell County (Kentucky)
 

Description: The Perry Memorial, located in Put-in-Bay (on South Bass Island), about 5 miles from the longest undefended border in the world. It was first dedicated September 10, 1913, at the centennial celebration of Perry’s victory at the Battle of Lake Erie, and symbolizes the peace that prevailed thereafter between the United States, Canada and Great Britain. The towering Milford granite shaft rises from a terraced plaza to a height of 352 feet and is the world's most massive Doric column. Beneath the stone floor of the monument lie the remains of three American officers and three British officers. The open air promenade at the top can accommodate 50 people. From it can be seen the green mass of Middle and North Bass Islands, the other islands of the archipelago, the Marblehead Peninsula, Cedar Point, the buildings of Sandusky, and Lake Erie. On clear days the shore lines of Michigan and Canada are visible. The memorial, which cost nearly $500,000, was erected under the joint sponsorship of the Federal Government and the States of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, New York, Kentucky, Ohio, Michigan and Illinois. Although substantially completed in 1915, funding problems prevented the proper completion of a fully realized memorial complex. In 1919 the federal government assumed control of the monument and provided additional funding. The official dedication was celebrated on July 31, 1931. On September 11, 1938, the monument and the 14-acre park surrounding it were dedicated as a National Park by Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes. In 2002, 2.4 million dollars was spent on a new visitor center. Established as Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial National Monument by Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 2, 1936 (Proclamation No. 2182); redesignated a National Memorial and renamed on October 26, 1972. As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service, the memorial was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. It is the only peace memorial within the National Park Service. The Memorial had been closed for most of the summer of 2006 after a 500 pound (230 kg) piece of granite broke off the southeast face of the observation deck, falling 315 feet (96 m) and leaving a crater in the plaza in June. No one was injured. Following a structural assessment that deemed it safe for visitors, the memorial reopened on August 26, 2006, with a fence surrounding it. The monument closed on September 30, 2009 for 2 years. Renovations will be done in 3 phases, with the observation deck first, then the column, then the entrance and rotunda receiving attention. The repairs to the observation deck are estimated at $7,000,000. Oliver Hazard Perry (1785-1819) was in command of a flotilla at Newport, Rhode Island, when the War of 1812 broke out. In March of the following year he was given command on Lake Erie. By summer he sailed with a squadron built for him at Erie, Pennsylvania, put in at the harbor of South Bass Island (whence the name, Put-In-Bay), and awaited the coming of the British vessels for an anticipated encounter. Sighting them on the morning of September 10, Perry sailed northwest towards the Sister Islands. The Americans had 54 guns and two swivels; the British had 63 guns, 4 howitzers and two swivels. About noon Perry’s flagship, the Lawrence, was fired upon, and bore the brunt of the attack because the other ships were becalmed at a distance. Her guns pounded into silence, the Lawrence was abandoned, and Perry and his men rowed to the Niagara. In the meantime his other ships had come up, and the Americans swooped down upon the English warships. Maneuvering the Niagara between four of the enemy’s boats, the Americans poured broadsides at close range into time; and at 3 o’clock in the afternoon the British flagship Detroit lowered her flag, signaling surrender. Perry’s laconic message to General William Henry Harrison was: ‘Dear General – We have met the enemy, and they are ours. Two ships, two brigs, one schooner, and one sloop. Yours with great respect and esteem, O. H. Perry.’ Perry’s victory gave the Americans control of Lake Erie and enabled Harrison to invade Canada, the latter’s success at the Battle of the Thames ending the War of 1812 in the Northwest. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F09_016_1
Subjects: Monuments & memorials--United States--1900-1940; Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial (Put-in-Bay, Ohio); Perry, Oliver Hazard, 1785-1819; National Park Service (U.S.); National Register of Historic Places
Places: Put-in-Bay Township (Ohio); Ottawa County (Ohio)